概况:三(san)(san)(san)峡(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程全称为长江三(san)(san)(san)峡(xia)(xia)水(shui)利(li)枢纽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。1994年(nian)12月14日,三(san)(san)(san)峡(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程在前期(qi)准(zhun)备的基础上正式开工(gong)(gong)(gong)。三(san)(san)(san)峡(xia)(xia)水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站是目前世界(jie)上装机(ji)容量(liang)最大的水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站,机(ji)组尺寸和容量(liang)大,水(shui)头(tou)变幅宽,设(she)计和制造难度均(jun)居(ju)世界(jie)之最。电(dian)(dian)站共装有(you)32台(tai)70万千瓦巨(ju)型机(ji)组,加上两台(tai)5万千瓦电(dian)(dian)源机(ji)组,总(zong)装机(ji)容量(liang)为2250万千瓦,总(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)17年(nian)。
效益:三峡工(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)中国,也(ye)是(shi)世界上最大的水(shui)利枢纽工(gong)程(cheng),是(shi)治理和开发长江(jiang)的关(guan)键性(xing)骨干工(gong)程(cheng),具有(you)防洪、发电、灌溉、航运等(deng)综合(he)效益。在(zai)三峡工(gong)程(cheng)建成后(hou),其巨大库(ku)容所提(ti)供(gong)的调蓄能力能使(shi)下游荆(jing)江(jiang)地区抵(di)御百年一遇的特(te)大洪水(shui),也(ye)有(you)助(zhu)于洞庭湖的治理和荆(jing)江(jiang)堤(di)防的全面修补(bu)。
概况:伊(yi)泰(tai)普大坝建(jian)(jian)(jian)在流经巴(ba)(ba)西和巴(ba)(ba)拉(la)圭(gui)(gui)两国之间的巴(ba)(ba)拉(la)那河上,全长7744米,高(gao)196米。伊(yi)泰(tai)普水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是目前世界(jie)第二大水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan),是世界(jie)上仅(jin)次于三峡水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的巨型水(shui)电(dian)(dian)枢纽工程,由巴(ba)(ba)西与巴(ba)(ba)拉(la)圭(gui)(gui)共建(jian)(jian)(jian),发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)机(ji)组和发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)量(liang)也由两国均分(fen)。该水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)于1975年(nian)开始建(jian)(jian)(jian)设,1991年(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成。目前,伊(yi)泰(tai)普水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)共有(you)20台(tai)发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)机(ji)组,总装机(ji)容(rong)量(liang)1400万(wan)千(qian)瓦,年(nian)发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)量(liang)900亿(yi)千(qian)瓦时(shi)。
效益:发(fa)电(dian)(dian)是伊泰(tai)普水电(dian)(dian)站最重要的(de)(de)效益之(zhi)一。自(zi)(zi)建成以来,伊泰(tai)普水电(dian)(dian)站已在巴(ba)西和巴(ba)拉圭(gui)(gui)能(neng)源(yuan)供应和经济发(fa)展中(zhong)发(fa)挥(hui)着举足轻重的(de)(de)作用(yong),它不仅能(neng)满足巴(ba)拉圭(gui)(gui)全部用(yong)电(dian)(dian)需求,还能(neng)供应巴(ba)西全国30%以上(shang)的(de)(de)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)量。圣保(bao)罗、里约热内(nei)卢、米纳斯(si)吉拉斯(si)等主要工业区38%的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)力来自(zi)(zi)伊泰(tai)普水电(dian)(dian)站。
概况:美(mei)丽山(shan)(shan)水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)位(wei)于(yu)巴西北部的(de)帕拉(la)州,亚马逊河(he)支流(liu)(liu)欣(xin)古河(he)上。美(mei)丽山(shan)(shan)水(shui)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)为径(jing)流(liu)(liu)式(shi)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan),包括两(liang)(liang)个水(shui)库、两(liang)(liang)座发电(dian)(dian)厂房、两(liang)(liang)座大(da)坝及一条20公里长(zhang)的(de)连(lian)通水(shui)道,总(zong)装(zhuang)机(ji)1123.31万(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),保(bao)证容量(liang)457.1万(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。主电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)安装(zhuang)18台(tai)(tai)混流(liu)(liu)式(shi)机(ji)组(zu)(zu),装(zhuang)机(ji)1100万(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa);副电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)安装(zhuang)6台(tai)(tai)灯泡式(shi)机(ji)组(zu)(zu),装(zhuang)机(ji)23.31万(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。2016年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)首台(tai)(tai)机(ji)组(zu)(zu)发电(dian)(dian),2019年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)全部机(ji)组(zu)(zu)投产。
效益:美丽山水(shui)电站约提(ti)供了巴(ba)(ba)(ba)西全(quan)社会用电量的10%,改善了巴(ba)(ba)(ba)西能源结(jie)构和能源安全(quan),使巴(ba)(ba)(ba)西成为全(quan)球(qiu)领(ling)先的清洁电力系(xi)统之一。同时,电站的建设显著(zhu)的提(ti)高了当地的经济(ji)发展水(shui)平,保护了亚马逊雨林以及土(tu)著(zhu)社区。
概况:古里水电(dian)站(zhan)位于委内瑞拉东南部(bu)奥里诺科河支流卡罗尼河上,距首都(dou)加尔加斯600公里。整个工(gong)程(cheng)分两期建设:第(di)一期工(gong)程(cheng)于1963年(nian)9月(yue)开(kai)工(gong),1968年(nian)开(kai)始发(fa)(fa)电(dian),1977完成,历(li)时14年(nian);第(di)二期工(gong)程(cheng)于1978年(nian)开(kai)工(gong),1984年(nian)开(kai)始发(fa)(fa)电(dian),1986年(nian)10月(yue)全部(bu)竣(jun)工(gong),历(li)时8年(nian),二期将坝加高52米(mi),扩大装机容量至1030.5万千瓦,年(nian)发(fa)(fa)电(dian)量达(da)510亿千瓦时。
效益:古(gu)里水(shui)(shui)电(dian)站具有(you)发(fa)电(dian)、防洪、灌溉等综合效(xiao)益,其形成的(de)水(shui)(shui)库对卡罗尼河季节(jie)(jie)性的(de)流量(liang)变化有(you)很好的(de)调节(jie)(jie)作用(yong),使之下泄流量(liang)趋向均(jun)匀,不会(hui)影(ying)响奥里诺科河口的(de)生(sheng)态环境。古(gu)里水(shui)(shui)电(dian)站所发(fa)廉(lian)价水(shui)(shui)电(dian),为委内瑞(rui)拉节(jie)(jie)省(sheng)大量(liang)石油,并出口换(huan)取外汇,经济(ji)效(xiao)益显著